鋁合金電纜橋架的核心性能依賴于基材成分，需符合GB/T 6892-2015《一般工業(yè)用鋁及鋁合金擠壓型材》 要求，優(yōu)先選用 6063-T5 或 6061-T6 牌號(hào)鋁合金。其中，6063-T5 鋁合金的關(guān)鍵成分需滿足：硅（Si）含量 0.2%~0.6%、鎂（Mg）含量 0.45%~0.9%，其余雜質(zhì)（如鐵、銅）總含量≤0.5%；力學(xué)性能方面，抗拉強(qiáng)度≥175MPa、屈服強(qiáng)度≥110MPa、伸長率≥8%，確保橋架具備足夠的抗變形和抗斷裂能力。6061-T6 牌號(hào)則適用于重載場景，其抗拉強(qiáng)度≥260MPa、屈服強(qiáng)度≥240MPa，可承載更重的電纜或適應(yīng)更大跨距。材質(zhì)需提供出廠質(zhì)量證明書，明確合金牌號(hào)、熱處理狀態(tài)及力學(xué)性能檢測數(shù)據(jù)，避免使用雜質(zhì)超標(biāo)的回收鋁合金。
The core performance of aluminum alloy cable trays depends on the base material composition, which must comply with the requirements of GB/T 6892-2015 "Extruded Profiles of Aluminum and Aluminum Alloys for General Industrial Use", with priority given to 6063-T5 or 6061-T6 aluminum alloy grades. Among them, the key components of 6063-T5 aluminum alloy must meet: silicon (Si) content 0.2%~0.6%, magnesium (Mg) content 0.45%~0.9%, and the total content of other impurities (such as iron, copper) ≤0.5%; in terms of mechanical properties, the tensile strength is ≥175MPa, yield strength ≥110MPa, and elongation ≥8%, ensuring the tray has sufficient deformation resistance and fracture resistance. The 6061-T6 grade is suitable for heavy-load scenarios, with a tensile strength of ≥260MPa and yield strength of ≥240MPa, which can carry heavier cables or adapt to larger spans. The material must be accompanied by a factory quality certificate, specifying the alloy grade, heat treatment state, and mechanical property test data, to avoid using recycled aluminum alloy with excessive impurities.
鋁合金橋架的厚度需依據(jù)JB/T 10216-2013《電控配電用電纜橋架》 按寬度分檔設(shè)計(jì)，且側(cè)板、底板、蓋板厚度需匹配受力需求：
- 寬度≤150mm：整體厚度≥1.2mm（側(cè)板 1.2mm、底板 1.2mm、蓋板 1.0mm），適用于敷設(shè) 4 根及以下小截面電纜（如≤50mm2）；
- 150mm＜寬度≤300mm：厚度≥1.5mm（側(cè)板 1.5mm、底板 1.5mm、蓋板 1.2mm），適配 6-8 根中截面電纜（如 50-120mm2）；
- 300mm＜寬度≤500mm：厚度≥2.0mm（側(cè)板 2.0mm、底板 2.0mm、蓋板 1.5mm），可承載 10-15 根大截面電纜（如 120-240mm2）；
- 寬度＞500mm：厚度≥2.2mm（側(cè)板 2.2mm、底板 2.2mm、蓋板 1.8mm），且需在底板加設(shè)橫檔（間距≤400mm），增強(qiáng)抗彎曲能力。
梯式鋁合金橋架的橫檔厚度需與側(cè)板一致（如側(cè)板 1.5mm，橫檔≥1.5mm），避免橫檔因承重不足彎曲。
The thickness of aluminum alloy cable trays must be designed in grades by width in accordance with JB/T 10216-2013 "Cable Trays for Electrical Control and Distribution", and the thickness of side plates, bottom plates, and cover plates must match the force requirements:
- Width ≤150mm: Overall thickness ≥1.2mm (side plate 1.2mm, bottom plate 1.2mm, cover plate 1.0mm), suitable for laying 4 or fewer small-section cables (e.g., ≤50mm2);
- 150mm ＜ width ≤300mm: Thickness ≥1.5mm (side plate 1.5mm, bottom plate 1.5mm, cover plate 1.2mm), suitable for 6-8 medium-section cables (e.g., 50-120mm2);
- 300mm ＜ width ≤500mm: Thickness ≥2.0mm (side plate 2.0mm, bottom plate 2.0mm, cover plate 1.5mm), capable of carrying 10-15 large-section cables (e.g., 120-240mm2);
- Width ＞500mm: Thickness ≥2.2mm (side plate 2.2mm, bottom plate 2.2mm, cover plate 1.8mm), and transverse bars must be added to the bottom plate (spacing ≤400mm) to enhance bending resistance.
The thickness of the transverse bars of ladder-type aluminum alloy cable trays must be consistent with the side plates (e.g., side plate 1.5mm, transverse bar ≥1.5mm) to prevent the transverse bars from bending due to insufficient load-bearing capacity.
鋁合金橋架的結(jié)構(gòu)尺寸偏差需嚴(yán)格控制，確保安裝適配性：
- 長度偏差：單段長度≤2m 時(shí)，允許偏差 ±2mm；長度＞2m 時(shí)，偏差 ±4mm，避免因長度誤差導(dǎo)致多段拼接時(shí)出現(xiàn)縫隙；
- 寬度偏差：寬度≤400mm 時(shí)，偏差 ±3mm；寬度＞400mm 時(shí)，偏差 ±4mm，保證電纜敷設(shè)空間充足；
- 高度偏差（側(cè)板高度）：高度≤100mm 時(shí)，偏差 ±2mm；高度＞100mm 時(shí)，偏差 ±3mm，防止蓋板無法緊密覆蓋。
裝配方面，橋架連接板厚度需≥側(cè)板厚度（如側(cè)板 1.5mm，連接板≥1.5mm），配套螺栓采用 A2-70 級(jí)不銹鋼（防電化學(xué)腐蝕），螺栓孔徑≤1.2 倍螺栓直徑，避免螺栓松動(dòng)。槽式橋架的蓋板與槽體配合間隙≤2mm，防止灰塵、水汽進(jìn)入；托盤式橋架的孔眼面積占底板面積的 30%~50%，既保證散熱又不影響承載。
The structural dimensional deviation of aluminum alloy cable trays must be strictly controlled to ensure installation adaptability:
- Length deviation: When the length of a single section is ≤2m, the allowable deviation is ±2mm; when the length is ＞2m, the deviation is ±4mm, to avoid gaps during multi-section splicing due to length errors;
- Width deviation: When the width is ≤400mm, the deviation is ±3mm; when the width is ＞400mm, the deviation is ±4mm, to ensure sufficient space for cable laying;
- Height deviation (side plate height): When the height is ≤100mm, the deviation is ±2mm; when the height is ＞100mm, the deviation is ±3mm, to prevent the cover plate from failing to cover tightly.
In terms of assembly, the thickness of the tray connecting plate must be ≥ the thickness of the side plate (e.g., side plate 1.5mm, connecting plate ≥1.5mm), and the supporting bolts should be A2-70 grade stainless steel (to prevent electrochemical corrosion). The bolt hole diameter is ≤1.2 times the bolt diameter to avoid bolt loosening. The fitting gap between the cover plate and the trough body of the trough-type tray is ≤2mm to prevent dust and moisture from entering; the hole area of the tray-type tray accounts for 30%~50% of the bottom plate area, ensuring heat dissipation without affecting load-bearing.
鋁合金橋架的防腐依賴陽極氧化處理，需符合GB/T 5237.2-2017《鋁合金建筑型材 第 2 部分：陽極氧化型材》 ：
- 陽極氧化膜厚度：平均膜厚≥15μm，局部最小膜厚≥12μm，膜層需均勻覆蓋橋架表面（包括焊縫、邊角），無漏鍍區(qū)域；
- 耐腐蝕測試：經(jīng)中性鹽霧測試（GB/T 10125-2021）≥1000 小時(shí)后，膜層無明顯腐蝕（如點(diǎn)蝕、起皮、脫落），基材無裸露；
- 表面質(zhì)量：表面應(yīng)光滑平整，無劃痕（深度≤0.2mm）、氣泡、雜質(zhì)，顏色均勻（同批次色差 ΔE≤2.0），避免因表面缺陷降低防腐能力。
對(duì)于海邊、潮濕等中度腐蝕環(huán)境，可額外噴涂聚氟乙烯（PVDF）涂層，涂層厚度≥40μm，鹽霧測試壽命可延長至 2000 小時(shí)以上。
The anti-corrosion of aluminum alloy cable trays relies on anodic oxidation treatment, which must comply with GB/T 5237.2-2017 "Aluminum Alloy Profiles for Building Construction - Part 2: Anodized Profiles":
- Anodic oxidation film thickness: The average film thickness is ≥15μm, and the local minimum film thickness is ≥12μm. The film layer must evenly cover the tray surface (including welds and edges) without unplated areas;
- Corrosion resistance test: After neutral salt spray test (GB/T 10125-2021) for ≥1000 hours, the film layer has no obvious corrosion (such as pitting, peeling, falling off), and the substrate is not exposed;
- Surface quality: The surface should be smooth and flat, without scratches (depth ≤0.2mm), bubbles, or impurities, and the color should be uniform (color difference ΔE ≤2.0 for the same batch), to avoid reducing anti-corrosion ability due to surface defects.
For moderately corrosive environments such as coastal areas and humid areas, an additional polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) coating can be sprayed, with a coating thickness ≥40μm, and the salt spray test life can be extended to more than 2000 hours.
承載方面，鋁合金橋架需根據(jù)跨距確定允許載荷：跨距 1.5m 時(shí)，允許靜載荷≥0.3kN/m（約 30kg/m）；跨距 2m 時(shí)，≥0.2kN/m；跨距 3m 時(shí)，≥0.15kN/m，且最大撓度≤跨距的 1/200（如 2m 跨距撓度≤10mm）。重載場景（如敷設(shè) 300mm2 以上電纜）需選用加厚型橋架（如寬度 400mm 時(shí)厚度增至 2.5mm），并加密支架間距（≤1.2m）。
防火型鋁合金橋架需滿足GB 8624-2012《建筑材料及制品燃燒性能分級(jí)》 ，氧指數(shù)≥32，耐火時(shí)間≥30 分鐘（對(duì)應(yīng) C 級(jí)防火）；若用于消防回路，需達(dá)到 B 級(jí)防火（耐火時(shí)間≥60 分鐘），此時(shí)需在橋架內(nèi)壁復(fù)合防火板（厚度≥5mm），或噴涂防火涂料（干膜厚度≥1.5mm），確保高溫下不釋放有毒氣體。
In terms of load-bearing, the allowable load of aluminum alloy cable trays must be determined according to the span: when the span is 1.5m, the allowable static load is ≥0.3kN/m (about 30kg/m); when the span is 2m, ≥0.2kN/m; when the span is 3m, ≥0.15kN/m, and the maximum deflection is ≤1/200 of the span (e.g., deflection ≤10mm for 2m span). For heavy-load scenarios (such as laying cables above 300mm2), thickened trays should be used (e.g., thickness increased to 2.5mm for 400mm width), and the bracket spacing should be densified (≤1.2m).
Fire-resistant aluminum alloy cable trays must comply with GB 8624-2012 "Classification of Burning Behavior of Building Materials and Products", with an oxygen index ≥32 and fire resistance time ≥30 minutes (corresponding to Class C fire resistance); if used in fire-fighting circuits, they must meet Class B fire resistance (fire resistance time ≥60 minutes). In this case, a fire-resistant board (thickness ≥5mm) must be compounded on the inner wall of the tray, or a fire-resistant coating (dry film thickness ≥1.5mm) must be sprayed to ensure no toxic gases are released at high temperatures.
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